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Brief History

Conquered by German tribes, Christianised by the 7th century and carved up during the Frankish Empire in 1100, much of Belgium enjoyed a golden age of prosperity and artistry under the French Duke of Burgundy during the 14th century. This was a boom time for the cloth-trading Flemish towns of Ypres, Bruges and Ghent. With the demise of Bruges due to British competition and a silted river, Antwerp soon became the greatest port in Europe.

The golden age began to tarnish in the mid-15th century when the Low Countries (present-day Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg) were inherited by Spain, igniting a long battle against Catholic Spanish rule. The fanatically Catholic Philip II of Spain sent in the Inquisition to enforce Catholicism.

Belgium and Luxembourg stayed under Spanish rule. Napolean's defeat at the Battle of Waterloo near Brussels led to the creation, in 1814, of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, melding Belgium and Luxembuorg into the Netherlands. But the Catholic Belgians revolted, winning independence in 1830.

Despite Belgium's neutral policy, the Germans invaded in 1914. Another German attack in 1940 saw the entire country taken over within three weeks. King Leopold III's questionably early capitulation to the Germans led to his abdication in 1950 in favour of his son, King Baudouin, whose popular reign ended with his death in 1993. Childless, Baudouin was succeeded by his brother, the present King Albert II.

Postwar Belgium was characterised by an economic boom, later accentuated by Brussels' appointment as the headquarters of the European Union (EU) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO). Belgium of today is home to a vast army of diplomats, and with them has come a rampant form of internationalism - followed closely by bland skyscrapers and intimidatory restaurants. While the country's number one city is being busily groomed to suit the rest of Europe, the Belgians themselves remain nonchalant - the true spirit of Belgium will always emanate from its people and its past.

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Culture

Festivals play an important part in Belgian life. One of the most famous festivals is the three-day carnival at Binche, near Mons, held just before Lent. During the carnival, noisemaking and dancing are led by “Gilles,” men dressed in high, plumed hats and bright costumes. Another famous pageant is the Procession of the Holy Blood, held in Brugge in May. December 6 commemorates Saint Nicholas's Day, an important children's holiday.

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Busleyden Mansion Museum Museums

Musical Instrument Museum - The new home of the Musical Instruments Museum houses a collection of ancient and rare instruments from all over the world. The museum broke with the tradition of simply creating a static depository for antique objects. It operates as a new kind of modern music center, a working and learning space for music specialists, performers, researchers, children and students.

Brussels City Museum (Musée de la Ville de Bruxelles) - Located in the King's House on the Grand Place. The museum tells the story of Brussels and how it grew from a tiny village to become the capital of Europe. Probably the most interesting exhibit is the outlandish collection of some 600 costumes donated to the Manneken Pis over the centuries.

Busleyden Mansion Museum - built for one of Charles V's Councellors, Mechelen.

Autoworld Car Museum - Strictly for the car mad, this museum has over 400 cars on display. The entire 20th century history of the motor vehicle is covered from 1886 to the 1970s. There are rare pre-World War II models on show as well as cars from all over the world.

The Cinquantenaire Museum (The Royal Art and History Museum) - The Cinquantenaire Museum houses a very valuable collection of works from different civilizations throughout the world. Its artefacts give an overview of the history of mankind in five continents (with the exclusion of Africa) from prehistory to the present day. Recently modernised and expanded, the new "treasure room" is worth a look as well as old favorites like the array of European decorative arts, the folklore section and the antiquities.

The Brussels Gueuze Museum - Located in the last artisan brewery of Gueuze Beer in Brussels. Gueuze is a dark, semi-sparkling beer, slightly acidic and often regarded as "the burgundy of beers." It is a speciality of Brussels. This museum includes a brewery tour which allows you to taste the beer.

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Politics & Government

POLITICS

The three major political alliances, each consisting of Dutch- and French-speaking units, are the Christian Democrat parties (1945), the Socialist parties (1885), and the Liberal parties, including the Flemish Liberals and Democrats-Citizens' Party (Dutch, 1961) and the Liberal Reformation Party (French, 1979). There are many minor parties.

GOVERNMENT
The form of govenment of Belgium is constitutional monarchy. The Kingdom of Belgium was established in 1830. In 1993, Belgium became a federal state comprising three autonomous regions. Head of State: King Albert II since 1993. Head of Government: Prime Minister Guy Verhofstadt since 1999.

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National Bank building on Blauw Torenplein, Antwerp Currency & Economics

CURRENCY
The present currency used by the country of Belgium is Belgian Franc (37.86 Belgian francs equal U.S.$1; 1996 average). The Euro began to be used on January 1, 1999, for electronic transfers and for accounting purposes. Euro coins and bills will be issued in 2002, at which time Belgian currency will cease to be legal tender.

ECONOMY
Belgium remains heavily industrialized, importing great quantities of raw materials that are processed mainly for export although their service economy is growing rapidly. Such industry gives Belgium one of the highest gross domestic products in the world, despite its relatively small population. With about three-quarters of exports going to other European Union (EU) countries, Belgium's economy is dependent upon its neighbors and the nation is a strong proponent of integrating European economies. In the early 1990s a growing budget deficit, combined with high unemployment rates, hindered Belgium's overall economic growth. To reduce its deficit, the government initiated an austerity program that cut spending while raising taxes, as well as beginning a program to transfer some state-owned enterprises to the private sector. The budget in 1998 anticipated revenues of $109.5 billion and expenditures of $114.4 billion. Gross domestic product in 1999 totaled $248.4 billion.

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Dining & Wines

DINING
Belgian cuisine is similar to French, based on game and seafood. Each region in Belgium has its own special dish. Butter, cream, beer and wine are generously used in cooking. Most restaurants have waiter service, although self-service cafés are becoming quite numerous. Restaurant bills always include drinks, unless they have been taken at the bar separately. In the latter case this is settled over the counter.

Belgian chocolates in Tournai CHOCOLATES
Some chocolate factories are open to the public, though it is often necessary to book in advance. The Chocolate and Cocoa Museum on the Grand-Place in Brussels is open from Tuesday to Sunday. The Chocolaterie Jacques in Eupen near Liège (tel: (87) 592 967; fax: (87) 592 929) is open to the public from Monday to Saturday. Groups of more than 10 people need to book in advance.

BREWING
In Belgium proper, the inhabitants have embraced beer to the cultural degree their French neighbors hug wine. The culture of beer manifests itself through glassware, culinary attributes and beer presentation. Beers in Belgium also benefit from being served in worthy glasses designed to retain foam, release aromas, show off coloring, and enhance visual presentation.

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Festivals & Events

January - December
Flanders Festival International (second week of January - second week of December) - Flanders is the largest festival for classical music in Belgium with 445 concerts in historical venues in and around Brussels, Antwerp, Bruges, Ghent, Kortrijk, Limburg, Mechelen and Leuven. (Ghent, O-Vl, Belgium).

During its four decades, Flanders Festival has become a major forum for living culture. Flanders’ cathedrals and belfries not only provide an exceptional stage for musical events but also attractive sites for tourists, which are further enhanced by the world-famous Flemish hospitality. Every year, from May to the end of November, cultural-minded tourists flock to the castles, historic churches and stylish venues of Flanders’ eight festival cities. Attending cultural events at the highest-level while, at the same time, being able to relax in an attractive surrounding: these are no doubt the main advantages of Flanders Festival.

April - October
Bruges 1468 - Go back time and experience food, pageantry and entertainment from a by-gone era. ( Brugge, Belgium).


September
World Track Championships (last week of September) - The Cycling World Track Championships could not have wished for a better host. Every lover of the sport knows the Sportpaleis and its six days cycle races (Zesdaagses). Many cycling legends have done their rounds on the fantastic 250 metres long and 8 metres wide wooden track. (Antwerp, Belgium).

Aalst Rockt (last week of September) - This event features two segments with the first being the On Air Party and the second one featuring live music. (Jeugdcentrum Eendracht Aalst).

Hasselt Folkstagefestival (last week of September) - Belgium welcomes you to take part in a musically cultural event, with lots of folk musicians setting the stage with new material and folksy melodies as well as activities for young and old and memories that will make you yearning for next year's event! (Hasselt, Limburg, Belgium).



September - October
International French Language Film Festival (last week of September - October first) - Every year, 150 previously unscreened films, exhibitions, conferences and various events based on current issues are on the programme of this festival, held in the capital of the Walloon region of Belgium. The festival welcomes more than 500 industry members from France, the Maghreb, Africa, Switzerland, the West Indies, Eastern Europe and North America. (Cinéma Caméo, Cinéma Eldorado, Chapiteau Place St Aubain).

October
Flanders International Film Festival - Ghent (first week - second week of October) - In January of 1974 a small group of film lovers from the University Film Club and the owner of the Ghent art-house cinema came together to start up a small-scale film festival. What has emerged is a true cultural maelstrom--the Flanders International Film Festival!

The festival sought to present films that had not found a place in the Belgian market and as a result were found to be both controversial and provocative. In 1985, the Flanders film festival became the only such festival in the world to pay attention to the contribution of composers and musicians to the art of filmmaking. Ever since, the festival has organized concerts of music in film as a special feature to the festivities. Events this year include the memory of cinema, world cinema today, a focus on Swedish cinema and Jazzimation. (Ghent, Belgium).

Rock Ternat (second week of October) - Come see what is considered one of the greatest Belgian after-summer festivals. Last years line up included Golden Green, Betty goes Green, Metal Molly, Liquido, Janez Detd, Therapy?, and Guano Apes. [Ternat (Highway E40 - Exit 20) Assesteenweg].

Audi Jazz Festival (second week of October - second week of November) - Join us for five weeks and almost 70 concerts throughout Belgium, of jazz, fusion, R&B, funk, world music, drum 'n' bass, arty cross over, contemporary adult and more. This series of music celebrations will be held in Belgium's leading concert venues. (Various venues throughout Belgium).

November
Pepsi Pop (second week of November) - This is a new festival that's geared for the 10 to 15 year-old age group and features a full afternoon, 4 to 10 p.m., of some 25 leading pop stars in a play-back or sound-mix format. The show is broadcast in two parts on the two leading television stations in Belgium. (Forest National).

Pay&Go Groove City (third week of November) - The Brussels Kart Expo, a former truck factory, will host the Techno Highway, the House Boulevard, the Drum 'n’ Bass Avenue and the Chill Out Road, in four different and groovy decorated halls, featuring the world’s leading DJs. No less than 20 very hot DJs will spin the decks from Saturday, 8 p.m. until Sunday, 5:30 a.m.

Pay&Groove City, is without a doubt one of the most hip urban dance events, produced by the party builders of the Beach Beats Rock festival in Zeebrugge. (Brussels Kart Expo,
Avenue Gossetlaan 11).

February
Aalst Carnaval (Oilsjt Karnaval) (second week of February) - Since 1851, the Flemish town of Aalst celebrates for three days in a row until Shrove Tuesday, the Aalst Carnaval or Oilsjt Karnaval. About 70 groups and thousands of individuals start preparing their contribution to this fest in September. Every year, the parade must be original and never seen anywhere before. Therefore it's imperative that the whole town of Aalst mobilizes its craftsmen and women to present their theme as good as possible.

The highlight of the carnival in Aalst are the Parades held on Sunday and Monday. In these parades, about 3,000 people and more than 250 floats show you the typical vision on local, national and international actuality. (De Lodderoeigen, Tenon, Vrièt).

Binche Carnival (second week of February) - During the six weeks leading up to Lent, the good people of Binche actively prepare for the three final days of the carnival itself: drum-beating rehearsals, balls on the Saturday evening, and the night of the "trouilles de nouilles" (the craziest night of the year).

The Sunday, Monday and Tuesday are the high point of the festivity with their colorful parades. Mardi Gras is the only day on which the "Gilles" - farmers, Pierot and harlequins in their traditional dress - are allowed out. Everyone wants to catch a glimpse of them in their enormous ostrich-plumed hats, with bunches of tiny onions around the waist, and clogs on their feet. The sound of their footsteps entrances the crowd following them. The custom is for the Gilles to throw oranges at the spectators!

May
Belgium Lesbian and Gay Pride (first week of May) - Plans are now underway for the 2002 celebration of gay pride so check back early next year for further information. (Brussels, Belgium).

Mano Mundo festival (second week of May) - This is a free world music festival with lots of animation and workshops. With six stages and three villages, there will be a lot to do and see. Welcome to Mano Mundo! (Domain De Schorre in Boom, Kapelstraat 83).

Battle of Lumecon and the Procession of the Golden Chariot (St. George and the Dragon) (last week of May) - A morning procession featuring a golden chariot commemorates the delivery of Mons from the plague of 1349. Then, 31 men re-enact the legendary battle between St. George and the dragon, Lumecon. The audience in the square joins the fray as well, trying to grab the dragon's tail. The reenactment of the Battle of Lumecon is the climactic event in a day that features processions of 18th-century carriages, parades of richly costumed women and other colorful events. (Main Square).

July
World Festival of Folklore (second week of July) - You can see the world in Schoten. Each year the best representatives of folk ensembles all over the world come to Schoten. In 2001, we are celebrating our 43st edition. The celebration is an amateur festival, open in the first place to non-professional folk art groups of a high artistic standard. (Castle of Schoten).

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Sports

SPORT FEDERATIONS IN BELGIUM
  • Aero Club, Belgian
    Rue Montoyer 1 box 12
    1000 Brussels
    Tel 02 511 79 47
    Fax 02 512 77 35
  • Aikido, Belgian Cultural Club for
    Rue de la Rhétorique 19
    1060 Brussels
    Tel/fax 02 537 47 62
  • Alpinism Club, Belgian
    Kazernestraat 38
    9100 St-Niklaas
    Tel 03 776 60 18
    Fax 03 777 51 54
  • Archers Federation, Belgian
    c/o Mr W Vander Heggen
    Steenweg 46
    9890 Gavere
    Tel 09 384 14 90
    Fax 09 384 66 05
  • Athletics Association, Belgian
    Av de Marathon 119 D
    1020 Brussels
    Tel 02 474 72 00
    Fax 02 474 72 09
  • Badminton Federation, Belgian
    Rue Haerenes 10
    4140 Sprimont
    Tel 043 68 63 09
  • Baseball and Softball Federation, Belgian
    Boomhaartstraat 22 box 30
    2600 Berchem
    Tel 03 286 07 89
    Fax 03 286 07 90
  • Basketball Association, Belgian
    Av Paul Henri Spaak 27 box 17
    1060 Brussels
    Tel 02 521 48 79
    Fax 02 522 18 15
  • Bowling Federation, Belgian
    Chée de Louvain 550 B7
    1030 Brussels
    Tel 02 732 48 08
    Fax 02 732 49 92
  • Boxing Association, Belgian
    Av G Eeckhoud 11
    1030 Brussels
    Tel 02 241 04 65
    Fax 02 241 02 65
  • Canoe Federation, Belgian
    Geerdegemvaart 79
    2800 Mechelen
    Tel 015 41 54 59
    Fax 015 42 38 99
  • Cycling Federation, Belgian
    Av H Limbourg 34
    1070 Brussels
    Tel 02 521 86 40
    Fax 02 520 37 21
  • Football Federation, Belgian
    Houba de Strooperln 145
    1020 Brussels
    Tel 02 477 12 11
    Fax 02 478 23 91
  • Football, Belgian American-style Ass
    c/o Mr John Van de Mergel
    Alphons Van Heesstraat 58
    8470 Moere
    Tel 059 27 38 50
  • Golf Federation, Royal Belgian
    Chaussée de La Hulpe 110
    1000 Brussels
    Tel 02 672 23 89
    Fax 02 672 08 97
  • Gymnastics Federation, Belgian
    Bd E Machtens 143
    1080 Brussels
    Tel 02 414 90 58
    Fax 02 414 90 62
  • Horseback Riding in Belgium, Federation
    Avenue Houba de Strooper 156
    1020 Brussels
    Tel 02 478 50 56
  • Horse Riding, Fédération Francophone d'Equitation
    Rue du Tienne 12
    5140 Ligny
    Tel 071 81 50 52
    Fax 071 81 76 15
  • Hockey Association, Belgian
    Chée de Wavre 2057
    1160 Brussels
    Tel 02 663 66 99
  • Ice Hockey Federation, Belgian
    Contact: Ms Clément
    Barbarastraat 80
    3120 Tremelo
    Tel 016 52 00 98
  • Indoor Soccer Association, Belgian
    c/o François Trips
    Pallekensbergstraat 21
    3511 Kuringen
    Tel 011 22 44 40
  • Judo Association, Belgian
    Rue Général Thys 12
    1050 Brussels
    Tel 02 648 76 52
    Fax 02 640 34 69
  • Ju-Jitsu Federation, Belgian
    Oomgaartstraat 22 box 14
    2600 Berchem
    Tel 03 286 07 35
    Fax 03 286 59 42
  • Mini-Basketball Federation, Belgian
    c/o Mr André Barbieux
    Rue des Chèvres 451
    7332 Neuf Maisons
    Tel/fax 065 62 27 57



  • Royal Horse-Riding Federation, Belgian
    Houba de Strooperlaan 156
    1020 Brussels
    Tel 02 478 50 56
    Fax 02 478 11 26
  • Rugby Federation, Belgian
    Av du Marathon 135 C box 5
    1020 Brussels
    Tel 02 479 93 32
    Fax 02 476 22 82
  • Ski Federation, Belgian
    c/o Mr JP Dugailly
    Av Reine Astrid 26
    1410 Waterloo
    Tel/fax 02 354 88 94
  • Speleology Federation, Belgian
    Willemsplein 14
    1020 Brussels
    Tel/fax 02 427 71 24
  • Squash League, Belgian
    Av de la Liberté 159
    1080 Brussels
    Tel 02 410 05 45
    Fax 02 410 22 51
  • Swimming Federation, Belgian
    Rue du Chevreuil 28
    1000 Brussels
    Tel 02 513 87 08
    Fax 02 513 34 68
  • Table Tennis Federation, Belgian
    Rue de ‘Aigle 7
    1480 Tubize
    Tel 02 355 88 96
    Fax 02 355 29 01
  • Taekwondo Belgium
    Rue J Bens 19
    1180 Brussels
    Tel 02 345 49 36
  • Tennis Federation, Belgian
    Galerie Porte Louise 203 box 12
    1050 Brussels
    Tel 02 513 29 20
    Fax 02 513 79 50
  • Triathlon Federation, Belgian
    c/o Mr Jacques Deroo
    Eksterstraat 24
    8450 Bredene
    Tel 059 32 16 68
  • Underwater Activities, Belgian Federation of
    Rue Jules Broerenstraat 42 box 10
    1070 Anderlecht
    Tel 02 524 15 60
    Fax 02 521 25 67
  • University Sports Federation, Belgian
    Av Adolphe Buyl 105
    1050 Brussels
    Tel 02 647 28 12
  • Volleyball Federation, Belgian
    Bd Lambermont 278
    1030 Brussels
    Tel 02 241 65 65
    Fax 02 241 65 45
  • Water Skiing Federation, Belgian
    Collegelaan 8
    2140 Borgerhout
    Tel 03 271 19 59
    Fax 03 235 30 97Yacht Club, Belgian
  • LAZEF
    Dinastielaan 1810
    8660 De Panne
    Tel 058 41 57 47
    or contact: D Brys
    Oude Pasterijstraat 14
    8510 Kortrijk
    Tel 056 45 61 49
  • Yachting League, Belgian
    Halve Maanstraat 2 C
    8620 Nieuwpoort
    Tel 058 23 02 82
  • Orientation-Sports Association Belgian
    Av Gén Berenheim 31
    1040 Brussels
    Tel/fax 02 640 69 22
  • Physical Education Federation, Belgian
    Waterkluiskaai 16
    9040 Sint-Amandsberg (Ghent)
    Tel 09 218 91 20
    Fax 09 229 31 20
  • Royal Automobile Club, Belgian
    Rue d’Arlon 53
    1040 Brussels
    Tel 02 287 09 11
    Fax 02 230 75 84
  • Royal Bridge Federation, Belgian
    Rue Notre-Dame du Sommeil 28 box 1
    1000 Brussels
    Tel 02 514 54 57
  • Motorcycling Federation, Belgian
    Leuvensesteenweg 550 bus 7
    1030 Brussels
    Tel 02 736 99 12







Credit Cards

Check with your credit or debit card company for details of merchant acceptability and other services which may be available. The following are the accepted credit and debit cards:
  • MasterCard
  • American Express
  • Diners Club
  • Visa
  • Eurocheque cards

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Utilities

Electricity - 220 volts AC, 50Hz. Plugs are of the round 2-pin type.

Telephone - Fully automatic IDD. For operator services, dial 1324. Country code: 32. Outgoing international code: 00. There are call boxes in all major towns and country districts. The cost of local calls is BFr10. Some coinless cardphones and credit card phones are also available. Telecards are available from newsagents, railway stations and post offices, price: BFr100 and 500.

Mobile telephone - GSM 900 and 1800 networks provide coverage all over Belgium. Local network providers include Mobistar, KPN Orange and Proximus. Handsets can be hired at Brussels airport.

Internet/e-mail - Cybercafés provide public access. ISPs include Skynet.

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Important Numbers

AMBULANCE     100
FIRE                  100
POLICE             101

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Fax Numbers : (63-2) 635-6699; 914-4973; 910-6294
OFFICE HRS:
Mon-Fri from 0900 to 1800 GMT, Sat from 0900 to 1300 GMT
CLOSED ON
SUNDAYS & PUBLIC HOLIDAYS

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